Why you chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach Assignment

Why you chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach - Assignment Example Hence, qualitative researches have proven to be used widely in GI nurses field. Nursing is primarily interpretive. Nurses have an interest in the daily health experiences with their patients, and much qualitative research makes nurses think about their practice (Sandelowski et al. 2012). Patients have diverse perceptions of an issue that do not always fit into numerical quantitative research approaches. The qualitative approach allows nurses to review previous findings of an issue because the method does not have rigid formula and calculations like the quantitative approach. Qualitative analysis is better set to provide information about the meaning of a disease of patients and the way it has affected their life. It is rich in providing personal information and experiences through the interviews. Nursing is a field of practice that borrows much of its information and knowledge from other diverse fields like medicine and psychology (Leeman and Sandelowski, 2012). The research analysis method adopted thus should depend on knowing the experiences of the participants through getting their views. A qualitative approach is interpretive and inductive and can create knowledge about human health and the disease experience of a participant. Qualitative knowledge and information depend on data on the social context with the main aspect being the comprehension of human experiences. It is thus the most befitting approach for the nursing practice, as opposed to the quantitative research method. It ensures a unique perspective of the study question or issue and it always gives a deep insight into human beings when compared to quantitative analysis, which is an essential aspect of the nursing practice (Sandelowski and Leeman,

Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Paper 1 - Essay Example How many people take the snake for granted? Indeed, how many people respond to snakes the way we did in this story? A few years ago, I paid a visit to a High School friend in Pottsville, New South Wales over my winter break. My friends name was Nimrod and he had another English friend living with him at the time named Gareth. My friend’s home was a somewhat dilapidated weatherboard house that had ample air conditioning in the form of holes. Gareth, on one sunny day, decided to take a bath in the old school and â€Å"holey† bathroom where we could make out his joyous renditions of raucous rugby songs. The shriek was totally out of the blue and surprising. â€Å"ARRRGGHHH†, he shouted, followed by the slamming of the bathroom door. We saw him run off, naked as a newborn, for the woodheap. He rummaged in the woodheap and retrieved one rather tribal-looking axe before heading back into the bathroom. â€Å"I got you, you slimy b****. There is nowhere to slither to,â €  he cried, accompanied by thumping sounds. Nimrod and I decided to go and see what Gareth was so worked up about. Imagine how horrified we were to see Gareth, axe clasped in hand, standing naked, triumphantly, astride a very large snake that he had chopped into pieces. I looked at Nimrod, and he was as horrified as I was since we knew the snake. He was Oprah, his neighbor’s pet ratter, who was a rather friendly and lugubrious house python, at least two meters in length, and who had a liking for resting beneath Nimrod’s bed. Gareth, seeing our faces, tried incoherently to explain that the snake had come at him from the roof. â€Å"Would you have cuddled him?† he queried. Indeed, what would have been your reaction in a situation such as this? It is my reckoning that the snake would have been victim to the same fate in 70% of situations, and many would empathize wholly with Gareth. If this is true, then maybe there is a need to better look at the snake. Earth does not simply have life but a web of life on it. This web stretches and wobbles as the existence of tens of millions of species teeter in a precarious balance with one nurturing resource in the form of earth. Flora, mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles, insects, and all life are interconnected. It is for this reason that science has raised the concern of extinction for many species in the world. Wiping out other species, for example, the less likeable species like snakes, will lead to a significant imbalance in the environment, creating a void in the life web that, eventually, may destroy the web and decimate life, as we know it on earth. Snakes and creatures that humans think are ugly to look at have become a major concern worldwide, especially in habitats that are congested with human habitats overlapping with snake populations. In New South Wales, where Nimrod lives, he told me that the snake habitats had been exploited, and this forced the two species; snakes and humans, to co-exi st. In fact, some of them had taken the snakes in and domesticated them. Nimrod was adamant that snakes and humans can co-exist. He told me that early societies in North America had manipulated their environment in a way that allowed human and snake habitats to co-exist and overlap. He showed me a book written by European explorers, soldiers, trappers, and missionaries that affirmed native Indians even ate some of the species before they settled there.

Analysis of the Legislative Implication of Food Competition

Analysis of the Legislative Implication of Food Competition BY KARAN SHARMA INTRODUCTION In this assessment, I have the opportunity to demonstrate the ability to analyses legislative implications for the real life project plan created in the previous paper. I will critically review and revised the project plan created to address legislative requirements producing a professional project plan document that complies with all the appropriate legal requirements. Everyone New Zealand expect the safe and healthy food. There are many factors that affect the safety of the food like laws and regulations of the country. The purpose of the Act. is to maintain the safety and hygienic of the food. In this assessment, I discuss the Health and safety Act. And Food safety Act. Etc. These laws are very helpful in food competition project. It is necessary to follow these laws and regulations to run this project successfully. ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATION OF FOOD COMPETITION Analysis of legislation assumes a vital part in running the project, which includes improvement and testing. The breakthrough incorporates the visualization of internal project procedures and the flow of information, laws, and regulations that influence the execution of the framework and the planning of the tests. Analysis of legislations also includes seeing how the legislations and laws will affects the projects.Analysis of legislative is very crucial for every project because without follows the right laws and regulations we cannot run successfully our projects. I have analysis different types of legislations and regulations that are related to my project. I discuss this legislations and regulations as follows. HEALTH AND SAFETY HSWA 2015 Health and Safety are very important at workplace.so, it is very important Act. and related to my project. I discuss the main factor of The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) as follows. The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) is New Zealands workplace health and safety law. It came into effect on 4 April 2016. HSWA repeals the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. HSWA recognizes that a well-functioning health and safety system relies on participation, leadership, and accountability by government, business, and workers. HSWA sets out the principles, duties, and rights in relation to workplace health and safety. A guiding principle of HSWA is that workers and others need to be given the highest level of protection from workplace health and safety risks, as is reasonable. RELATED ACTS. Electricity act. 1992 Gas act. 1992 FOOD AND SAFETY Food and Safety are the second legislation that is relevant to my project because my project based on food competition. Food Act 2014 helps make sure that food sold throughout New Zealand is safe.so, it is important to know about this legislation. A central feature of the new Act is a sliding scale where businesses that are higher risk, from a food safety point of view, will operate under more stringent food safety requirements and checks than lower-risk food businesses. This means that a corner dairy operator who reheats meat pies wont be treated in the same way as the meat pie manufacturer. The new Act promotes food safety by focusing on the processes of food production, not the premises where food is made. For example, someone who makes and sells food from a food truck must follow the same rules as someone who makes and sells food at a restaurant. The Constitution of New Zealand connects with Lawmaking body to make laws for the country. One of the immense legitimate limits is to choose a regulatory technique and to edge it, for the most part, talking about lead. Plainly such powers cant be given to various establishments. Regardless, recalling distinctive differing activities of a welfare State, it is unreasonable for the gathering to play out each one of the limits. In such situation, the doled out order comes into the photograph. Designated Administering body is one of the crucial parts of association whereby the official needs to play out certain managerial limits. Regardless, one must not disregard the risk related to the methodology of the task. Constantly, an overburdened Administering body may unduly outperform the cutoff purposes of the task. It may not set out any system; may broadcast any of its approaches as hazy and may set down any standards for the authority along these lines giving wide affability to the authori ty to change or modify any game plan encompassed by it without putting something aside for itself any control over the subordinate establishment. Thusly, in spite of the way that Chamber can assign some of its abilities, it must not lose its control absolutely over such limits. The focus of this asset is to analysis the various laws and regulations that have implication in this food completion. I identify the following legislations and regulation that are relevant to food competition project. These include others secondary legislations. Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) is New Zealands workplace health and safety law. It came into effect on 4 April 2016. HSWA repeals the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. This Act. is Very crucial and related to food competition project. After a critical analysis of my project, I identified this Act. Health and safety are very important in every project or at the workplace. The government decides and set up guidelines under this Act. Food Act 2014 After critically Food Act 2014 helps make sure that food sold throughout New Zealand is safe.so, it is important to know about this legislation. Helps make sure that food sold throughout New Zealand is safe.so, it is important to know about this legislation. I have critically analyzed this Act. And I found that how this law related to my food competition. In this law mainly focus on the food and set up guidelines to ensure the quality of food. So, my project is directly related to the food that is why this law related to my project and it is necessary to comply with this law very carefully. The purpose of analysis of legislation is very clear and it is important to analyses laws before project implementation. There are various reason behind it. As we know that every project is related to laws and it is important to comply with laws and regulation. If we do not comply with these laws then, later on, we face serious problems that are affected the project. As I have discussed before laws and regulations related to Food competition like HSWA. HSWA has their own set of guidelines and rule that are good for the safe work environment. If we neglect this law and worker and staff those are working in an organization or in a project will affect as well as the project will be failed. For running project successfully we need to identify the right laws and regulation that are important to comply. For the identification of laws and regulation, it is good if we meet with the law consultant. They provide proper information about the laws and regulation that are relevant to the projects. The Early analysis will help me to deal with legal problems. It is important to follow the law and regulations to secure our projects. So, I have time to minimize the risks and I can make strategy how we can identify and follow the laws and regulations. The purpose of the legislative is to identify the legal requirement. Implication strategy plays important role in every project. In this strategy, we make strategy according to the requirement and time. The above analysis of legislations will help me in the implementation of my project successfully and safely. I also know about the risks and other things that are harmful to my project. CRITICALLY REVIEW PROJECT PLAN TO ADDRESS LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT Critically review project plan is to address legislation requirement that is necessary to have a clear understanding of what is meant by this in the project. The review has an important function to help provide background and context to the legislation, establishing the legislation problem and the gap which you aim to fill through the consideration of previous work. Whilst many projects often grasp this, project manager fails to run the project successfully because they do not review the project plan properly. If we review the project plan critically than we are able to identify legislation that is necessary for the project. I have identified law and regulation that are relevant to food competition. After that, I critically analyze this Act. But, main motive of critical review of project plan is to address legislations. There are some laws and regulations related to my project as follows. HEALTH AND SAFETY Health and Safety are very important at workplace.so, it is very important Act. and related to my project. I discuss the main factor of The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) as follows. The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) is New Zealands workplace health and safety law. It came into effect on 4 April 2016. HSWA repeals the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. FOOD AND SAFETY HSWA 2015 Food and Safety are the second enactments that is pertinent to my venture in light of the fact that my venture in view of nourishment rivalry. Food Act 2014 ensures that nourishment sold all through New Zealand is safe.so, it is imperative to think about this enactment. A focal element of the new Demonstration is a sliding scale where organizations that are a higher hazard, from a nourishment security perspective, will work under more stringent sustenance wellbeing necessities and checks than lower-chance nourishment organizations. This implies a corner dairy administrator who warms meat pies wont be dealt with in an indistinguishable route from the meat pie maker. CONSUMER RIGHTS Consumer Guarantees Act. 1993 This is third legislation that is relevant to my project Consumer guarantees and your rights. The Consumer Guarantees Act (CGA) protects consumers by, among other things: Making repairs, replacements or refunds part of the law Setting minimum standards that businesses have to meet. Everyone from your garden store owner to your electrician has to meet their responsibilities under the CGA. This means that if you have a problem with a product or service, you can do something about it. As before analysis, I try to identify the laws and regulations that are relevant to my project. It is also important to identify the risks are related to project and affected by legislations. As before, I have discussed the law and regulations as well as its importance. I also discuss the risks if we do not comply with these laws there are certain risks like an accident, project fail, food poisoning, hazards related to food, fire accident, allergies related to seafood and drinks etc. Risk Management is a procedure for distinguishing, breaking down and reacting to hazard considers for the duration of the life of a venture with a specific end goal to give a judicious premise to basic leadership concerning all dangers. Appropriate hazard administration suggests the control of conceivable future occasions, and is proactive as opposed to responsive; so it is implanted into the venture arranging process. It will lessen the probability of an occasion happening, as well as the size of its effect. There are some risk that I have not consider as before like risk related to liquor as follows Wellbeing/security Harm is the in all probability impact (for instance falls, vehicle mishaps and attacks), however you can likewise overdose on liquor. Legitimate Liquor adds to criminal conduct, for example, strikes, property harm, muddled or hostile conduct, and drink driving. Social Issues can go from losing companions in light of the way you act when youre intoxicated to not having the capacity to pay charges due to over the top spending on liquor. National rules recommend that you have close to four standard savers on a solitary event to lessen your danger of liquor related damage. There are four rules to lessen wellbeing dangers from drinking liquor. In the event that at least four standard beverages put you in danger of damage, it bodes well that it might likewise put you and the general population around you at danger of legitimate and social results. Sale and Supply Act. 2012 is needed to comply with this project because if liquor serves in this project then it is compulsory to comply with this law. If we have do not comply with this legislation than it affects the project. HUMAN RIGHT ACT. 1993 Human rights will benefit regular ought to every person, whatever our nationality, put of residence, sex, national or ethnic starting, covering, religion, language, or some different status. We require help the entirety likewise met all requirements for our humanitys benefits without detachment. These benefits are all around interrelated, associated Whats more affected. Each and every piece complete humanitys benefits is constantly conveyed Whats more ensured Toward law, of the sorts from guaranteeing settlements, standard around the globe theory, general standards. Around the globe humankinds benefits law sets down duties from guaranteeing organizations to one motion on particular courses on the other hand on going without beginning with specific acts, keeping over mind that breaking point target ought to impel Additionally to secure human benefits besides focal shots about family then again social affairs. REVISE PROJECT PLAN TO ADDRESS THE LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT Revise project plan is very important to address the legislative requirement. I have discussed these things as follows. Once your project is underway the role of your overall goal plan changes from just a plan to a control device. It is common that activities will take longer than previously expected and that the initial order in which you hoped to complete your tasks might have to change due to certain resources becoming unavailable. The only way to combat these problems is to redraft your original plan to take these issues into consideration. As tasks are completed and certain goals are achieved, revising your research plan will be necessary and will result in changes to the initial goals list. Certain activities will be broken down into greater detail and some may be lost, while others may be added because of this there are need to add new legislations into the plan. So, in this way, there are several benefits to review the plan to address legislative requirement. Most projects are failing for the reason is they do not review the plan and fail to comply with legislations that are related to the project. There are need to improve the previous project plan because as above I have discussed new legislations and related risks or hazards related to the project.so, it is unavoidable to add these new legislations into the elevated project plan. As I have discussed in the early stage of this assessment about the legislation that I identify in the beginning of this project. After the critical review of a project plan to address legislation, I found some new statute that is I have discussed above and its importance. So, there are need to put this new legislation into the project plan. UPGRA0DED PROJECT PLAN PROJECT OUTLINE I am planning to organize a curry night for my clients. My clients wish to promote cultural integration. As FREEDOM Institute of Higher Education is based upon the vision to realize sustainable social, cultural, environmental and economic wealth and FREEDOM for all, I plan to organize the event at level 1, 610 Victoria street Hamilton. It will be held on 03-03-2017. This project is for to promote Indian cuisine and culture, promote FREEDOM Institute of Higher Education as well as to promote cultural integration This project will help me with future employment opportunity. It is for food competition at freedom institute of higher education. AUDIENCE Student Guest Facilitator Management STAKEHOLDER This project is for freedom institute of higher education. Stakeholder in this project as follows Contestant Sponsors Facilitator Student ACTIVITY Entertainment: There are much activities under the entertainment like different kind of songs, for example, Punjabi, Hindi, and English as well as videos. There will be playing some games for entertainment like musical chairs etc. Meal menu: In meal menu, I plan to divide cuisine into two section vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Assign people: ASSEMBLE TEAM Music -> Himani Menu -> Simran Ushering -> Jahanvi Food -> Angela M.C. -> Andrea Judges: there are three judges for this event and also winner announce with public voting. Rules and regulation: there are several crucial rules and regulation for this Food Competition event like hygienic food, health, and safety, entry form formalities etc. Venue: I plan to organize the event at level 1, 610 Victoria street Hamilton. It will be held on 03-03-2017. Contestant: we invite everyone to participate in this completion. Promote: for the promotion of this event we use poster etc. PROJECT OBJECTIVES To promote Indian culture and also to promote different kinds of taste To promote cultural integration Get together activities Cultural differences will be consider PROJECT BUDGET COST DANCE VENUE MUSIC CURRY INCOME RAFEL TICKETS ENTRY TICKETS SPONSORS 10 LEGISLATIONS AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO PROJECT   Ã‚   I obtained advice from the Hamilton city council and Waikato community law center on the regulations and laws related to my project. A field trip was organized by my facilitator. LEGISLATIONS HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT.2015 FOOD AND SAFETY ACT. 2014 CONSUMER GAURANTES ACT.2015 HUMAN RIGHTS ACT. 1993 SALE AND SUPPLY LIQOUR ACT. 1993 RISKS RELATED TO LEGISLATION RISKS GENERAL ACCIDENTS FIRE ACCIDENTS FOOD POISIONG ALLERGIES PROJECT FAIL 11 REFERENCE FOOD AND SAFETY ACT. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2015/0310/latest/DLM6684211.html Consumers Guarantees Act. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.consumer.org.nz: https:///articles/consumer-guarantees-act?gclid=CL3ip56d5tICFRMHvAod61wFdw Health and Safety at workplsce Act. 2015. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.worksafe.govt.nz: http://www.worksafe.govt.nz/worksafe/hswa new zealand legislation. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.legislation.govt.nz: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/DLM304212.html Project. (n.d.). Retrieved from project images: https://www.google.co.nz/search?q=PROJECT+PLAN+IMAGEStbm=ischimgil=d_beD9274cmUiM%253A%253BYZSQH7VCL6xqZM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fpmtips.net%25252Fblog-new%25252Fcomponents-project-plansource=iupf=mfir=d_beD9274cmUiM%253A%252CYZSQH7VCL6xqZM%252C project review. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.projectreview.net: http://www.projectreview.net/home3.html sale and supply liqour Act. 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved from new zealand legislation: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/0120/latest/DLM3339333.html

The Technological Need for Holographic Data Storage :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Technological Need for Holographic Data Storage Digital technology has become the latest byword in entertainment and computers. Records and analog cassette tapes have been supplanted with Compact Discs, and now VCRs are being challenged by Digital Video Discs. Multimedia applications such as these consume enormous amounts of storage space, and are challenging the limits of today's storage devices. Many solutions are being put forth in an attempt to keep pace with the growth in demand for digital data storage. Some are evolutionary changes in existing media, which can incrementally increase speed and capacity, while others attempt to circumvent the limitations of present media by using new methods, and promise to leapfrog over conventional technology. Holographic data storage is one of these attempts at creating a new type of high density storage device. However, scientists have been trying to develop a holographic storage device for the past 30 years, when the idea was first proposed. There have been few commercial holographic sto rage devices released since then, but recent developments in the field and the inertia behind the search for solutions promise to eventually make holographic storage a commercially viable reality. Holograms have been around for quite a while. Denis Gabor, a British Physicist, pioneered holographic technology in the 1940s (Glanz 736). In his research, he discovered that, "when a beam of coherent light scatters off an object and intersects with another coherent beam, the interference pattern created where the beams cross harbors a three dimensional image of the object . . . . The image will reappear when this 'hologram' is probed with a third beam of coherent light" (Glanz 736). Thus began the field of holography. Scientists first conceived of using Gabor's holograms to store data over thirty years ago. In 1962, IBM instructed Glenn Sincerbox to research using holograms to store data (Glanz 736). The scientists at the time felt, "The novel technology [holograms] promised devices that could pack information 10 times more densely and fetch it 100 times more quickly than could any magnetic disk or tape drive" (Gibbs 128). The idea of using holograms to store digital data has been around for many years, and its promises have long been apparent. Holograms are recorded by intersecting an image bearing laser beam with a reference beam. The intersection of these beams records the image into the medium which is being recorded on, and the image can then be read later by shining a reference beam at the laser, which then "reproduces the original image-bearing wavefront" (Heanue, Bashaw, and Hesselink 749).

To What Extent And Why Did German Nationalism Change Between 1789 And 1840?

German nationalism did change between 1789 and 1840, regarding their aims, characteristics and demographics, but only to some extent. The changes and continuation of nationalism were essentially affected by the international context and the domestic factors which both stimulated and stagnated German nationalism throughout the period. Although the nationalists may have not achieved their ultimate aim for political unity by 1840, the events during this period had indeed strengthened the ‘cultural well'.The aims of the nationalists did change, but the change and continuity depended on the domestic situation and were influenced by the international context. The initial aim of the nationalists was to have cultural unity and the idea of a ‘grossdeutcheland'. They hoped to achieve a German identity through sharing the same language and taste in art, literature and music. The nationalists were inspired by the words of Hegel and his idea of the ‘volksgeist' and Fichte's prin ciple of ‘German superiority and the ‘fatherland'.The desire for cultural unity remained and continued from 1789, as sown in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they created the German Lutzow Freikorps flag, and this was also carried out in the Hambach festival 1932. Moreover, the location of it being the refuge of Martin Luther is significant and to the nationalists, it gives a historic foundation to Germany. Although cultural unity wasn't the main aim later on, the events of the Battle of Leipzig 1813 and particularly the Rhine Crisis in 1840, did inadvertently deepen the ‘cultural well'.The fact that Theirs claimed that the Rhineland, which became a historical ground for the Germans after the war of liberation, was France's natural border, intensified the cultural well. The Rhine crisis attacked the nationalists culture and historic past, and thus led to the Rhine song movement. Becker's popular poem became available for everyone to read, and this widespread nes s strengthened the cultural unity. Hence the international factors didn't change their aim for cultural unity, but helped enhance it.Another fundamental aim of the German nationalists is to have political unity in the Deutsche Bund by amending the structure of the Bund system. They desire a constitution in each state, and although this exists in Bavaria, Wurttemberg and Baden, the main states Prussia and Austria do not adopt this system. The formation of the Deutsche Bund (German Confederation) in 1815 after the War of Liberation made the nationalists against the Bund and its system because it was reactionary.This sparked ideas about liberalism and wanting a constitution, and this began to be expressed in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they burnt effigies and created manifestos. Before the creation of the Bund the nationalists didn't want political unity, and the freikorps were fighting for their nation. However, the creation of the bund had changed their aims into wanting poli tical unity. Nevertheless, the nationalists were restricted from achieving their aim, because they were being repressed by the Carlsbad decrees 1819 created by the Bund in result of Wartburg.This meant that the nationalists could not openly attack the Bund, had no rights of association and were prevented from writing manifestos. They were further repressed by the 6 Acts 1834 in response to Hambach, and so this repression prevented the nationalists from changing and trying to achieve their aims. Hence the political context restricted the nationalists and so there was a decade of no change. However, it wasn't until the Rhine crisis which allowed the nationalists to express themselves more since the Bund appeased them and allowed Becker's popular poem to be published in every newspaper, available to all.This to some was seen as a turning point or a big change as the Bund was supporting the nationalists to some extent, but only because the nationalists were not against the Bund. This co uld suggest that although the nationalists didn't manage to make changes to the political system, they did change and improve the relationship between them and the Bund. Thus, the political context did stagnate and restrict the nationalist movement in terms of their aims, but it did help them achieve cultural unity. The characteristics of the nationalists indeed changed from 1879- 1840.The French Revolution in 1789 inspired the nationalists into having liberal ideas, which the Bund were reactionary to. This reactionary and conservative system made the nationalists anti-establishment, since they rejected the French ideas of having constitutions, freedom of speech and press and rights to vote. This liberalism was shown in both Wartburg and Hambach where they created their manifesto of demands to reform the government, and this anti- establishment continued throughout this period. It can be said that theRhine Crisis proves there to be a relationship formed with the nationalists and the Bund since Metternich sympathised the nationalists, they still remained anti-establishment. Although the nationalists were inspired by French idea's, they were always hostile to France. This was because of the constant intervention and triumph of France, with the Treaty of Tilsit 1807 on Prussia after Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, and in particular the War of Liberation 1815 which was fought on the Rhineland, and finally the Rhine Crisis 1840.France has always remained a national enemy in the eyes of both the Bund and the nationalists, and this hostility intensifies particularly in 1840 when Theirs claims the Rhineland is France's ‘natural borders' and sends troops there. Hence France is a key factor to why the characteristics of the nationalists have stayed the same and changed. One key change however is the behaviour and method of the nationalists. As a result of the repression from the Carlsbad decrees 1819 and the 6 Acts 1834, the nationalists were very limited and restri cted as they couldn't express their demands openly, as there was strict censorship.Thus this lead to romanticism, where underlying political messages were hidden in art literature and music. France's interference in the Rhine Crisis influenced the ‘Rhine song movement' , as since the nationalists were under censorship, they expressed themselves romantically. Thus, the characteristics and behaviour of the nationalists did change through romanticism, but their ideas of anti-establishment and hostility to France continued, and all were effected by France and the political context.In hindsight, the demographics of the nationalist movement may seem to grow and become widespread, but in reality it essentially stayed the same. The nationalists primarily consisted of middle-class educated bourgeoisie students and lecturers who were referred to as the burschenschaft. There were only 1,000 burschenschaft out of 10,000 students in the German Confederation, and so the initial scale of how many nationalists there were is very small compared to the general size of the population.During the War of Liberation, only 12% of those who fought were freikorps who fought for the ‘German nation', whilst the others were conscripted soldiers fighting only for their monarchy. Hence this proves that the demographics in the beginning was very small, and so nationalism was not very known or popular. The nationalists hoped to gain more supporters by having discussion circles and gymnastic societies. Nonetheless, in the Wartburg festival, merely 500 burschenschaft members attended, again showing how not many people shared the same nationalist ideas.Perhaps this was because of the disorganisation of the Wartburg festival, as the burschenschaft did not productively state what they want to do, but rather complained about the current Bund, making it difficult for others to understand their true aims. In contrast to Hambach 1832 however, there was a big increase in attendance of 20-30 ,000 people. This was seen to be the most ‘popular political festival'. Conversely, a lot of the people who attended were peasants who were most likely there to sell food for their own economic reasons, not for the political side to it.Also, although Hambach seemed to be more organised than Wartburg, only the literates could understand and read the invitations, and so again it seems that only the educated middle class burschenschaft were exposed to the political agenda, not the illiterates who made up almost most of the population. Again, it wasn't until the Rhine crisis did the demographics change a little. The fact that an average, unknown court clerk wrote the poem in September 1840, makes it more relatable to the public which is why it was widespread.The Bund allowed the poem to be published in every German newspaper, which also means that more people were becoming literate and so there was more support and ideas spread faster across the regions. This could have affected t he demographics, in increasing but not as much since it was still lead by the middle class burschenschaft. What limits the nationalists into achieving their aims is that they have no clear leader, and so perhaps if there was one, the ideas could become more widespread, hence once step further to achieving their aims.The demographics does in essence stay the same throughout the period, it being the very few educated middle class. In conclusion, German Nationalism did change in terms of their romantic behaviour and political and cultural aims, and the key factors to why these changes occurred was mainly the influence of France, and the political changes within the Bund. Yet, their ideas and characteristics of being hostile to France and remaining antiestablishment and the small scale of demographics continued to stay the same from 1789-1840 because of the repression in result of censorship, and again French intervening.It seems that throughout this period, a pattern has emerged where the nationalists create a festival or event, which leads to repression and a decade of censorship. This repression lead to the change in behaviour, where they expressed their ideas through romanticism building their cultural well and then France's influence leads to the cycle occurring again. However, we cannot ignore the fact that, although the nationalists may have not achieved their political aims, the events through this period has definitely built upon their ‘cultural well', and so had achieved cultural unity to some extent, and this is a change.

Activity-based costing Essay

There are many different types of cost systems a company can choose from when calculating their costs. Two of the most frequently used cost accounting systems are a volume based cost system and an activity based cost (ABC) system. Each system has their own advantages and disadvantages and some are more common among certain industries. Wilkerson, like many other companies, used a simple/volume based cost accounting system. Under this system, Wilkerson was inappropriately allocating their costs by assigning the overhead expenses based on direct labor, thus calculating their total costs and operating income incorrectly. If Wilkerson continues to operate their company ignoring the fact that their costs are inaccurate, it is possible that they may make poor business and pricing decisions in the future. Although Wilkerson’s costs are currently being calculated incorrectly, if they decide to use an activity based costing system, they may achieve more accurate results. Using a simple cost accounting system is often easier and less time consuming than an activity based costing system, but it is also less accurate. Wilkerson’s implementation of an ABC system would most likely be very beneficial to the company in terms of both determining their costs more precisely and making overall better pricing and business decisions. An ABC system at Wilkerson would look very different than their current volume based system. Wilkerson’s ABC system would use machine-related expenses, setup labor cost, receiving and production control, engineering, and packaging and shipment as the cost pools. The revised per unit product costs under this system would be $46.17/valve, $58.20/pump, and 115.38/flow controller and the margins would be 46.3%, 33.1%, and -9.9%, respectively. The results when calculating product costs are so different depending on the cost system because we are now actually determining the costs per unit with multiple cost pools because each resource uses a different amount of the indirect resources rather than assigning the manufacturing overhead cost solely based on the direct labor costs. Based on this new accounting information I would recommend that Wilkerson try to make an improvement in their flow controller product. Since the gross margin for this line is negative, if adjustments are made but there is no improvement in its profitability, I would tell Wilkerson to consider dropping the line completely. Although Wilkerson would lose $420,000 in sales, their costs would be reduced by more than this amount, ultimately increasing overall profits for the company. Unfortunately, there are some limitations in our analysis of Wilkerson’s alternative cost systems. One limitation is that we are unable to easily assess how the market will react to a change in the flow controller line. A second limitation that we have to consider when looking at our analysis is that although our cost allocations are much more accurate than before, these costs are still the averages for each product, which could impact how accurate we are in determining the costs. However, if we are able to look past these limitations, our analysis of Wilkerson is beneficial in shaping how the company can more accurately calculate costs as well as be more profitable in general.